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Mark Hanna Watkins
Mark Hanna Watkins (November 23, 1903 - February 24, 1976) was an Afro-American linguist and anthropologist. Born in Huntsville, Texas, the youngest of fourteen children of a Baptist minister, he obtained a Bachelor of Science from Prairie View State College in 1926, remaining there for a further two years as assistant registrar.〔 Wade-Lewis (2005).〕 In 1929, he enrolled at the University of Chicago, becoming a pupil of Edward Sapir. He wrote a Master's thesis entitled ''Terms of Relationship in Aboriginal Mexico'' (1930). Turning from American to African languages for his Ph.D. thesis, between 1930 and 1932 he wrote ''A Grammar of Chichewa: A Bantu Language of British Central Africa'', in cooperation with a young student Kamuzu Banda, who in 1966 was to become the first President of the Republic of Malawi. This grammar was remarkable in many ways. It was not only the first grammar of an African language written by an American, but also the first work on Chichewa to mark the tones of the language.〔 Watkins (1937).〕
From 1934-47 Watkins served as professor of anthropology at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1943 the first African Studies program in the United States was founded at Fisk; he was one of its six faculty members. In 1944 he returned temporarily to Chicago and in 1945-7 he worked in Mexico and Guatemala. From 1947 to his retirement in 1972 Watkins was professor of anthropology at Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he worked particularly on African languages and on promoting exchange programs between students in Africa and America.〔 Wade-Lewis (2005).〕
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